Present Simple Lesson Plan for Adult English Learners

Teaching the present simple tense is one of the first, and most important tasks when teaching beginners. Its a good idea to teach the present simple of the verb to be to begin with, and introduce simple adjectives to help students expand their understanding of the verb to be. After English learners are comfortable with the present and past forms of the verb to be, teaching the present simple and past simple will be much easier. 5 Steps for Introducing the Present Simple Start by Modeling the Present Simple Most English learners are false beginners. In other words, they have already studied English at some point. Begin teaching the present ​simply by stating some of your routines: I get up at six-thirty in the morning.I teach at the Portland English School.I have lunch at one oclock. Students will recognize most of these verbs. Model some questions for the students as well. At this point, its a good idea to ask yourself a question and provide the answer. When do you have dinner? - I have dinner at six oclock.When do you come to school? - I come to school at two oclock.Where do you live? - I live in Portland. Continue by asking students the same questions. Students will be able to follow your lead and answer appropriately. Introduce the Third Person Singular Once the students are comfortable speaking about their own basic daily activities, introduce the third person singular for he and she which will prove the most difficult for students. Again, model the present simple third person ending in s for the students. When does Mary have dinner? - She has dinner at six oclock.When does John come to school? - He comes to school at two oclock.Where does she live? - He lives in Portland. Ask each student a question and ask another for a reply, creating a chain of questions and answers changing from you to he and she. This will help students memorize this crucial difference. Where do you live? - (Student) I live in Portland.Where does he live? - (Student) He lives in Portland. Introduce the Negative Introduce the negative form of the present simple in the same manner as above. Remember to continually model the form to the students and immediately encourage a similar answer. Does Anne live in Seattle? - No, she doesnt live in Seattle. She lives in Portland.Do you study French? - No, you dont study French. You study English. Introduce Questions Up to this point, students have been answering questions so they should be familiar with the form. Make sure to point out the difference between yes/no questions and information questions. Start with yes/no questions encouraging students to answer in the short form. Do you work every day? - Yes, I do./No, I dont.Do they live in Portland? - Yes, they do./No, they dont.Does she study English? - Yes, she does/No, she doesnt. Once students are comfortable with short yes/no questions, move on to information questions. Make sure to vary the subjects up to help students become familiar with the tendency to drop the s.   Where do you live? - I live in Seattle.When do you get up in the morning? - I get up at seven oclock.Where does she go to school? - She goes to school at the University of Washington. Discuss Important Time Words Once students become comfortable with the present simple, introduce important time words such as everyday and adverbs of frequency (usually, sometimes, rarely, etc.). Contrast these with common time words used in the present continuous such as now, at the moment, etc.   She usually takes the bus to work. Today, she is driving.My friend sometimes goes out for dinner. At the moment, hes cooking dinner at home.Jennifer rarely talks to strangers. Right now, shes talking to a friend. 3 Strategies for Practicing the Present Simple Explaining the Present Simple on the Board Students will now recognize the present simple tense and be able to respond to simple questions. Its time to introduce the grammar. Use a present simple tense timeline on the board to stress the fact that this tense is used to express routines. I also like to use simple charts showing the underlying structure of this tense. Comprehension Activities Once you have introduced the tense and used the whiteboard to explain forms, continue teaching the present simple tense through activities which use the present simple in context.   Continued Activity Practice Students have learned to recognize the present simple, as well as understand the form in comprehension activities. Its time to continue by having students use the present simple to describe their own lives in both spoken and written form. This detailed lesson on daily routines will help you continue the practice. Expected Problems Here are the most common challenges for students when using the present simple: Confusing with the present continuous for actions occurring at the moment of speaking.Use of s in the third person.Auxiliary verb usage in the question and negative form, but NOT in the positive form.Placement of adverbs of frequency.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 2047 Words

Stop Marijuana Legalization Jared Shaheen Keiser University Abstract The number of people that are using marijuana is rising at an alarming rate; legalizing marijuana will only make it higher. We try to teach our children to say no to drugs, yet everywhere we turn there are signs and newscasts telling people that they want marijuana to be legalized. The last elections were more focused on pushing for marijuana to be legalized than they were on voting for state officials and a governor. While most people are focused on legalization for medical purposes, others are looking to vote in recreational marijuana use. Somewhere along the line the main focus changed; people are trying to legalize marijuana for the wrong reasons. Even if it†¦show more content†¦Teenagers and young adults tend to try marijuana because of peer pressure. They want to fit in, so they go along with what their friends in high school or college are doing and they experiment with drugs. Adults on the other hand, will most likely not experiment with drugs because they are addicted and are now feeding their habit. The use of marijuana may start off as a choice where the person is just experimenting with drugs, but because marijuana is a gateway drug, it will only lead to addiction and the need for stronger drugs down the line, such as cocaine and heroin. Legalization of marijuana for anything other than medical reasons is a very controversial subject; marijuana is a gateway drug that could lead to may unforeseen consequences. Addiction, health problems, and higher crime rates are just a few consequences that would be affected if marijuana was legalized. People do not look at the fact that marijuana like any other drug, when used for long periods of time will eventually cause their bodies to be immune to the drug. Once the marijuana stops giving them any type of pleasurable feeling they will then turn to stronger drugs to get the feeling that they want to have from the drug. â€Å"If marijuana is smoked in large doses for an extended period of time it can be physically addictive; it can also cause a mild psychological addiction† (Abadinsky, 2011). Children start in elementary school

Decision Making For Supply Chain Integration in Retail Industry

Question: Describe about the Decision Making For Supply Chain Integration? Answer: Introduction Tesco Plc is a well known brand from UK in the retail industry. This is headquartered in Hertfordshire, England. It was founded in the year 1919 and since then it has always been setting new success benchmarks for itself. It occupies good amount of market share in the UK supermarket industry. According to a survey Tesco occupied 28.5% market share for the 12 weeks ending 31st Jan 2015 followed by Asda at 16.2% and Sainsbury at 16.8% (Statista.com, 2016). Tesco is the appropriate company to analyse for the use of TQM tools. It has managed to achieve success in all six parameters and role of TQM which are increased market share, increased sales volume, increased productivity, economies of scale, improved brand image and increase profits (Omacgonu Ross, 2007) . The essay analyses various tools that are used by the supermarket giant to ensure quality and profitability at all levels of business processes. They have been able to sustain their position by ensuring cost leadership, brand equity and super aggressive promotion strategies (Kaifi and Scott, 2012). TQM and TESCO Plc The main aspects of Tesco operations are sourcing, warehousing, retailing and deliveries. The supply chain department that handles sourcing, follows lean management and also use latest technology to keep a track of the stock. Lean Management helps it to reduce the cost of warehousing and also can save them from the cost of wastage as they also deal in perishable items. For the deliveries Tesco uses primary distribution so that they can maximise on delivery speed and reduce on expenses incurred (Zhao, 2014). Tesco has strong Supply chain checks and the suppliers are selected very carefully so that quality of products is not compromised. They have introduced four checks like chemical and microbiological testing, authenticity testing, contaminants testing and quality testing. Audit Programmes are conducted on a regular basis to ensure temperature of the stores are kept at optimum levels. Cleanliness, hygiene, pest control all are done rigorously so that product quality is not compromised anywhere (tescoplc.com,2014). Use of RFID technology also helps the company to track the products though barcodes and thus reduce the lead times that are associated with the products. They also use point of sale data so that they can obtain real time information. So the company can plan replenishment system effectively. So it can easily be said that Tesco is using Pull system for supply chain management and are not using Push at all. Cross docking is another facility that is being used by Tesco to ensure quality. Customer management is an integral part of total quality management. Tesco ensure customer value delivery at each and every point by providing best services, products and information. As an important quality measure, Tesco uses flexibility as a major performance objective (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2013). Critique of the TQM In the contemporary business environment, the companies are not more confined to any boundaries. All of them have reach to the consumers all across the world. To address the increasing competition according to the suggestion of Zhao (2014), the companies who are operating in the retail industry must develop in improving their operation capability in order to sustain in the market. At the same time they need to keep adapting to the changes in consumer needs and adjust the offerings accordingly. Tesco always adopts consumer centric strategies and in order to be one step ahead of its consumers they need to ensure operational competitiveness. The TQM Model does not focus on only quality improvement but it is highly customer focused and at the same time can be looked upon as continuous improvement programme (John, 2004). It can be described as below. (Source: From the lecture notes) Quality has its own definition for the companies that are ISO 9001 certified. Apart from ensuring 100% customer satisfaction and zero defects the companies have to adopt to complete TQM principles. The TQM principles are as follows. (Source:Chandra, 2013) As per the model, the inputs and the suppliers are to be managed in such a way that happy customers and profitable output can be obtained. The main principles that are to be adopted are customer focus, employee involvement, process centred, integrated system, systematic approach, continuous development and effective communication. Any organisation cannot obtain good quality by just planning effective tools for quality checks. They have to ensure real time implementation of each and every tool. According to Nicoletti (2011), quality always provides competitive advantages to any organisation so this can also be considered as a strategic tool in any industry where competition is fierce. But the principles of TQM cannot be adopted unless a certain set of beliefs and values are incorporated amongst the internal stakeholders. According to Gharakani et al. (2013), the basic assumption of TQM principle is that the organisation culture supports changes and coordination and cooperation exists between the employees. There should be end to end communication and the importance of quality should be deeply rooted and understood by each and every employee. The fact that due to improved quality by the TQM tools, customer satisfaction would be enhanced, which would be reflected in the profitability and market share stands true for all industries. But the importance of TQM techniques for service industry when compared with manufacturing industry is a topic for debate since long. Quality is multidimensional and the term quality involves the entire process, policies and procedures that are established by the organisation to achieve its objectives and mission (Sadikoglu Olcay, 2014). The terms like lean management, JIT all appear relevant in manufacturing concerns but these things are equally important for service industry. Since cost maintenance is a key tool for all the organisations, quality appear relevant for all the cases. For service industry, quality can be measured only through word of mouth, while in manufacturing it is reflected in the final product. Thus it can easily be said total quality management is a multi dimensional tool and has to be planned and implemented strategically. Implementation and development of TQM This part of the essay discusses the TQM implementation in Tesco and what have been the reactions and outcomes in different business processes. Tesco is a retail chain and thus it has to ensure that it has wide varieties of option for the customers. According to a study conducted by Zairis (2014), it could be established that consumers while selecting convenience stores do tend to evaluate the number of varieties that are available in the store. But at the same time retail chains have to ensure cost effectiveness and thus they have to minimise on wastage and storage cost. Lean management and digitize sourcing would be the best possible strategy to adopt (Nicoletti, 2011). Tesco has implemented that and they have minimised on the lead times and cycle times. For this purpose they have to strategize the sourcing and align the sourcing to the processes. The following process depicts the lean sourcing strategy. (Source: Nicoletti, 2011). The process of lean sourcing that is followed by Tesco Plc has been depicted by the picture above. They need to strategise, verify, preliminare, analyse and design according to the needs of the consumers. The consumer demands are highly volatile and thus Tesco needs support of high profile technology to accommodate consumer demands while ensuring zero wastage in lead times (Jaca, Santos, Errasti Viles, 2012). The factors that are to be considered are intangibility, perishability, inseparability and vairiability. Tesco Plz deals with both products and services and thus all the above factors are to be taken into account (Laureani, 2012). With the help of primary distribution Tesco Plc has been able to maximise on speed of deliveries. They have hired and purchased their own fleet of trucks with the help of which they make their products reach the stores as well as the consumers on time. Since, they have their own distribution process; they also ensure that there is no wastage in the transfer of products. But as per research conducted by Zhao (2014), primary distribution provided Tesco with huge competitive advantage against their competitors but at the same time some they needed to work on the primary distribution process more effectively. The fleet of trucks that the company owned sometimes fell short of the required numbers which created chaos in the distribution and souring process. As a part of TQM, any of the delays could not be entertained at all as it resulted in a dissatisfaction in either an internal or an external customer (Fernie and Sparks, 2012). As per Yuen and Chan (2010), Consumer loyalty is one part that is very difficult to achieve in retail industry. But Tesco has been able to achieve high accolades on that by introducing frequent quality checks and ensuring that both tangible and intangible deliveries are done perfectly. RFID ensured product traceability, cost savings and process efficiency (Chan, Lettice Amoo,2012) . Tesco has been able to use RFID technology with all security checks which has an added advantage for the company supply chain management. Adoption of TQM has marked several changes in the system. This has helped the company to bridge some gap between the product deliveries and customer expectations. Before the system Before the company adopted some of the TQM principles, they were not able to integrate the business processes to final product delivery and match customer expectations. The demands in the retail industry are highly volatile and thus there is a need to make the right products reach the right place at the right time. Also being a supermarket retail chain, they have to deal with perishable items and thus wastage was also high. The company needed to keep a track of all the stock and match the demands of the consumers. The purpose was to be preplanned for the upcoming demand. Demand forecasting was to be done for which proper data and tools were not available with the company. Cost of distribution was high and the dependability on the external transport system was also high. They needed to streamline the process of supply chain management. Quality assurance was a huge issue for which the company had to introduce frequent quality checks. It needed resource both in terms of human support and in terms of technology. Apart from this, as the competition was high, they needed to create competitive advantage by delivering the services in unique ways. So the management at Tesco made quality the central objective of the business planning and started implementing required changes. Quality standards at each and every level were ensured by experts who included store management and interaction with the consumers. The company started to work for zero defects for which training plans were introduced. Implementation TQM was to be implemented from grass root level. The primary target was to align all the business processes and integrate them to the final output which was considered to be market share and consumer loyalty. For speed and cost effectiveness they introduced primary distribution process and acquired a fleet of trucks. They needed to create a separate department to manage the primary distribution which had to program the trucks depending upon the requirements of suppliers as well as consumers. This was an issue as in this case all the data related to demand and supply needed to be accessed. Also for high quality service there was a need to provide training to the staff who in turn could provide high quality services. Providing correct information to the consumers as well as maintaining data about their expectation was crucial for which the employee at the stores were to be trained. As the company was going to use lean management, any delay in the arrival of the stock could lead into cu stomer dissatisfaction. So nothing less than perfect was to be expected at each level. This was a continuous process and thus the term quality had to be combined with the daily routines of the staff. Quality check and new technology implementation was to be done which was again a tedious process and each step was to be taken in a planned way. The PDCA( Plan, do, check and act) cycle was to be put in the loop and was to be checked thoroughly each and every time (Sokovic, Pavletic Pipan, 2010). Development and potential future TQM was being implemented at TESCO and the management was always very sure about the success of the plan. But they needed support from the staff at each levels and for which the communication with the employees was to be done effectively. This was a challenge but had a bright future. While implementation of cross docking facility the company had to face many challenges which included ensuring quality of the sources products and delivery at the required place in a perfect shape. They had to create valid quality checks at each level at docking before the products were sent directly to the stores to reduce the lead time. RFID technology poses typical challenges for implementation. Although this technology creates huge amount of convenience but also poses a challenge to the privacy of data. The Data could be potentially misused and thus the company needed to create proper security checks so that the privacy of data can be maintained. Quality check at each level posed challenge as the product and service quality could not be compromised anywhere. This required resources and continuous monitoring. As the company was trying to keep the inventory level very low, they needed to forecast and plan the inventory effectively. Implementation of push system over pull system would reduce wastage but at the same time would need most efficient planning. Recommendations According to the research conducted by the paper above some recommendations that can be provided are as follows. It is difficult to retain consumers in a retain industry and in order to retain them, Tesco should be able to provide high quality services that meets customer expectation as per the brand image of Tesco. For this the company needs to arrange frequent training programs and make the employees aware of the importance of high quality service and product deliveries. They have to create benchmarks for the services and educate the employees regarding the benchmarks. Primary distribution reduces cost which is a potential key to success in the retail industry. In the highly competitive market where Tesco operates, it needs to combine availability of the products with the low price offers. For doing the same, the company has to be highly effective in managing the supply chain. Consumers are the king in any industry and whether the consumers will remain with the company or leave would depend completely on the availability of the products. So, the company should work on achieving two unified competitive advantages at the same time which are cost effective and timely deliveries. Tesco needs to ensure appropriate amount of stocks at each point of time for which they need to set timetables. But the company management has to make sure that they do not make unrealistic timetables. Suppliers for the company are of great importance and so the company needs to ensure that suppliers also get due emphasis and get realistic timelines for product deliveries. The Management also needs to ensure that team composition at each level is done appropriately. There has to be a proper combination of strategic human resource so that the TQM planning can be implemented effectively. Also the operations are to be staffed sufficiently to ensure no delays in the lead times of the products and in the delivery of the services. Final recommendation would be that in order to deliver the TQM properly, there has to be complete employee support. For that the importance of quality is to be conveyed and the top management should ensure that the flow of information and communication is smooth at the bottom most level also. References Chan, H. K., Lettice, F. Amoo, O., 2012. Decision making for supply chain integration. Springer. Chandra, P. V., 2013. A study on implementation of Total Quality Management in Business. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative technology.2(3). Fernie, J. Sparks, L., 2012. Logistics and retail management.British library: London. Gharakani, D., Rahmati, H., Farrokhi, M.R. Farahmandian, A., 2013. Total Quality Management and Organisational performance. American Journal of Industrial Engineering.1(3). Pp 46-50. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R. D. Hoskisson, R. E., 2013.Startegic Management: Competitiveness. Cengage learning. Jaca, C., Santos, J., Errasti, A. Viles, E., 2012. Lean Thinking with improvement teams in retail distribution. Total Quality management business Excellence. 23(3-4). John, B., 2004. The Essence of Total Quality management. Prentice hall: 2nd ed. Kaifi, B. A., Scott, M., 2012. Strategic leadership Applied to Retail Management: Joe Contrucci Discusses the 21st Century Dynamic Organization, Journal of Applied Management Entrepreneurship, 17(4). Laureani, A., 2012. Lean Six Sigma in the Service Industry, Advanced Topics in Applied Operations Management. Intech. Nicoletti, B., 2011. Lean and Diggitize sourcing. Journal of internet and information system.2(3).pp 35-42. Omacgonu, V. Ross, J., 2007. The principles of TQM. Sadikoglu, E. Olcay, H., 2014. The Effects of Total Quality Management Practices on Performance and the Reasons of and the Barriers to TQM Practices in Turkey. Advances in decision sciences. Sokovic, M., Pavletic, D. Pipan, K.K., 2010. Quality improvement Methodologies-PDCA Cycle, RADAR Matrix, DMAIC and DFSS. Journal of Achievements in Materials and manufacturing engineering. 43(1). Statista.com, 2016. Grocery Market Share in Great Britain 2015/16. [online]. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/279900/grocery-market-share-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/[Accessed 11 March 2016]. Tescoplc.com, 2014. Trading Responsibly. [online]. Available at https://www.tescoplc.com/assets/files/cms/Resources/Trading_Responsibly/Product_Safety.pdf[Accessed 11 March 2016]. Yuen, E. F. Chan, S. S., 2010. The effect of retail service quality and product quality on customer loyalty. Journal of Database of marketing customer strategy management. 17. Pp 222-240. Zairis, A. G., 2014. Consumer behaviour toward convenience store chains in Greece. Euromed Journal of Business. 9(2). Pp 175-197. Zhao, S., 2014. Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tescos current operations management. Journal of Management and Sustainability. 4(4).

Role of Mass Media free essay sample

Local and world news is being televised 24 hours a day with up to the minute breaking news. Information exchange is at the hands of the media, and the media has the power to manipulate the audience as they wish. The media has evolved and developed the power to severely impact the way American people view political topics and day-to-day issues. The role of the mass media has become a controversial topic and many experts and critics have taken turns debating and analyzing how the media eases or hinders government and political influences. Mass media is the production and distribution of all sorts of knowledge, information and entertainment intended for delivery to a mass audience who desire availability of it. The most common mediums of information distribution include radio broadcast, newspaper, television and the World Wide Web. The television has primarily been the preferred medium due to its proven effectiveness in the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Mass Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [1] Presidential candidates have used television broadcast for decades to inform the public of their views through commercials and televised debates. Since WWII, Presidents in office have also used it to address the nation of important current events. Some presidential candidates and political parties have used the media to expose the opposite party in political scandals with the hopes of gaining an upper hand such as the case with presidential candidate, Herman Cain. The television media can also provide a favorable advantage to political candidates since it gives them an opportunity to demonstrate charm, charisma and persona to the viewing public. Such was the case with Ronal Regan, President from 1981 until 1989 who jumped on the presidential race with no experience in Washington, an ex-actor, an ex-professional after dinner speaker. He had no direct experience of national government before becoming President, and he had no experience of international politics. His use of photo opportunities, stage managed presentations and speeches broadcast by the media greatly enhanced his popularity and his ability to govern. Arnold Schwarzenegger was a more recent example of a similar story. Although the internet is a rising medium of information, the television remains the preferred means since people are more entice to visuals representation than reading material. Technology has also made it possible for the media to bring global conflicts to peoples home. Vietnam was the first time that people were able to view that dramatic affects of war from the television set in their own homes. Such broadcasting has also been viewed in recent conflicts such as dessert storm, and operation Iraqi Freedom. Maxwell McCombs from the University of Texas in Austin wrote, â€Å"The Agenda Setting Role of the Mass Media† where he explains his opinion of the roll of the Mass Media. McCombs believes that what we know about the world is largely based on what the media decides to tell us. [2] The media then can be credited for opinion forming or opinion reinforcing. The media has the ability of being selective on what they broadcast and publish, and some broadcasting channels, programs or writers are known to be bias in nature and are sometimes accused of propaganda; all factors that contribute to the development of the public’s opinion[3]. The ease of media influence has continuous to grow through use of mobile smart phones. The internet has been a steady rising non-mainstream news media and can now be accesses at any time in any place through a mobile device. Mobile phone subscription had reached 4 billion by the end of 2008 which revolutionized the speed in flow of information. 4] Although the majority of people use their phones to talk, sharing photos and social media, Studies have show that millions have used to examine candidate, party, government, and advocacy group websites. Some political parties have even gone as far as making their own mobile applications. The media can be seen to have a direct impact in the way electoral campa igns are held and the day-to-day running of government. However, despite the exponential growth for internet media, mainstream media such as newspapers and television maintain their central role as gatherers and reporters of political and government topic. The Internet and the mobile device only enhance the Medias reach. The Mass media has become a powerful and influential political mediator and plays a vital part in our democracy. It supplies information to the voters through which the voters base their opinion. Maxwell McCombs journal suggest that current media holds enough power to set the agenda of the nation. [5] That is to focus the attention of the public on a few key public issues. The media places emphasis on the topics they want the public to concentrate through repetitiveness on the television and big letters in newspaper, magazines and internet articles. The opening segments on the newscast and the length of time devoted to that segment will highlight the importance the media is placing on that particular topic. The topics that the get the most attention in the media are the same topics that most people tell pollsters are the most important topics in our nation. In recent studies have shown that during a controlled experiment, people that are shown doctored television news broadcasts emphasizing a particular problem, such as National Defense, mention the problem as being important more often than people who have not seen the doctored media broadcast. The media has the ability to shift the public’s attention by emphasizing more time in one particular topic therefore providing them the ability to manipulate the public’s opinion. [6] Bias media networks favored a specific political party can then also have a strong influence on the public’s opinion on particular topics if they choose to interpret the news to favor that party’s beliefs. This could also be known as framing, or favorable interpretation of stories based on media personal and bias opinions. [7] Framing and Agenda setting could become a significant problem if the government allows media monopoly. News media in the United States are privately owned businesses and are often part of very large empires. Large empires such as that of Rupert Murdoch or Time Warner often buy out many of the smaller media businesses creating a sort of media monopoly. This is why we often see the same media coverage or the same media interpretations on various channels. This can prove to be important since these major media empires often side with political parties and influence the public based on bias interpretations. [8] After all, media empires are just corporations seeking to make money out of media attention. Alternative voices will then not have an opportunity to be aired and heard. For example, since Disney owns ABC, will ABC news go easy when covering a political scandal with Disney Organization? An actual event and recent story involving Rupert Murdoch’s Employees of the newspaper were accused of engaging in phone hacking, police bribery, and exercising improper influence in the pursuit of publishing stories. Although many experts believe that Media corporations have not reached a level of media monopoly, it can have a serious impact in the public’s political opinions if it is not avoided. Not all information, however, that comes from the mass media is said to be negative. Before the growth spurts of the media initiated, the information concerning political views were often left for an elite group of the higher class, usually of higher education. The pluralist theory suggests that power in a democratic society should be evenly dispersed through representation of the ‘electorate’ by elected politicians rather than placed in the hands of a ruling class. The wide distribution of government and political information permits the public to become more involved and allows them to accurately vote on laws and candidate officials. Once political leaders are elected the mass media serves as a â€Å"watch dog† over government officials. [9] The media keeps the public informed on how there tax dollars are being spent, often exposing political leaders of any scandals that the public deserves to know. The citizens can hold the officials accountable for their wrong doing but would never be aware of them if it was not for the mass media. A perfect example of this would be the Monica Lewinski Scandal. [10] The mass media turned this case into a media circus keeping the public informed of every detail as it was made available. The government official happened to be non-other than the president himself. This is known as infotainment and the media seeks every opportunity to make exploit such stories and make as much money as they can, since this is what the public likes to here. The media has made is much easier for ordinary citizens to form policy preference, to judge the actions of government, and to decide whom they want to govern them. There is no doubt that the mass media has a huge effect on the government and politics in the United States through their information and influences. At this day in age it has become an inevitable factor and as technology progresses, its ease of communication will further affect its influences in the public’s opinion. However, the mass media involvement should not always be viewed as a negative entity in our society. The availability information is available through various sources and it’s up to the public to choose a reliable source of their liking. The media serves a purpose in the checks and balance system and it bring viable information to public who deserve it.

Is A Womans Place In The Home Essays - Gender Studies,

Is A Woman's Place In The Home? Is A Womans Place in the Home? Glynis R. Hay Rickards Is Womans Place Is In The Home? I glanced at my watch; it was 3:30 p.m. I logged off the computer picked up my car keys and signaled to my boss. He knows the meaning of that familiar signal. It means I am dashing off to pick up my kids (ages 10 and 13) from school. After picking them up I will take them home and leave them to perform the familiar routine that they have been practicing for years. First they will have their bath, then take the microwave able containers with the specific day labeled from the fridge, placed it in the microwave oven, have their dinner, complete their assignments then head to the baby sitter. The baby sitter being none other than the good old television set or their video games. I would call from my office occasionally to ensure that everything is okay. They have strict orders not to open doors to strangers, and all emergency numbers are at their fingertips. This routine has taught them to be responsible and independent children. At approximately 7:00 pm I would drag myself home, check t heir assignments, have a little chit-chat with them and then head off to bed. I compared this to the days when I used to get the bus home from school and would be greeted by my mother with a smile on her face and a cool drink in her hand. She would ask us the familiar question, which we sometimes forget to answer. How was school today? Did you enjoy you nice lunch that I packed in your lunch kit? After our bath we would sit at the dining table and enjoy a nice warm meal while sharing the days events. In retrospect I can only ask myself this question. What has happened to those good old days? Why did women abandon their place in the home? Prior to the Industrial Revolution which took place in the Eighteenth Century there was no place for women in the work world because most tasks required manual labour and therefore women would not be considered for such tasks because physical strength was required for effective performance. The advent of the Industrial Revolution, which can be described as the historical transformation of traditional into modern societies, saw the birth of mechanization for manufacturing and other processes. Machines were invented to perform most jobs and the need for women to operate these machines became apparent. Piece work shops and textile factories along with other factories were established and women became a part of the workforce. It was noted that most women joined the work force out of economic necessity. The ability to earn wages provided them with a better standard of living, independence, and mobility, and also self esteem, since they were now able to contribute to the worlds economic de velopment. While they enjoyed the status of being independent they had to deal with the negative aspects of being a woman in the working world. Women were forced to deal with the lack of amenities. For example proper rest rooms were not available. Their home life suffered because they had to deal with working a full day in the factory then returning home to perform their domestic chores and looking after their family. They would sometimes perform similar jobs to men but would receive less wages and also had to deal with the pressures of sexual harassment. Women received high praises for their performance on the job, but they were deprived of promotional opportunities and rewards because of their gender. The process of socialization can be negatively affected by the absence of women in the home. While men are seen as the head of the family the women are often responsible for providing the foundation for primary socialization to take place. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the culture of their society. (Haralambos, 1990, p. 4). Primary socialization is the most important factor of the socialization process as this takes place during infancy. During this process, which can be described as a getting to know you period, the child develops a bond with the family.

Evaluation of Daystar Childcare

Evaluation of Daystar Childcare Free Online Research Papers I have been involved with Daystar Childcare since I was six years old. As a matter of fact, some of the daycare’s original toys were stolen from my personal collection. My mother has served as co-director for the entire 10 years in which the daycare has been open. My brother also worked there for a short period of time after he graduated high school. When I was younger, I attended the daycare periodically when my mother was working. Even today, I still go there to hang out with friends that currently work there, and to play with some of the kids that I have grown to like. I have decided to evaluate Daystar Childcare on three different criteria; safety, customer service, and value. When I say safety, I mean exactly what it sounds like; I want to know what Daystar Childcare is doing to keep their children safe. I also want to know the concerns that parents have, if they have any at all with leaving their children at Daystar. What I want to know about customer service is what Daystar is doing to keep their parents and children happy. Finally, I want to learn about the value of Daystar Childcare, what I mean by value is the cost and profit that Daystar brings in. How often are they in the red? To get this information I sent out 11 surveys to be filled out randomly by clients of Daystar. I also conducted and interview with one of Daystar Childcare’s two directors. Hopefully by writing this evaluation I will have a better understanding of running a business, and hopefully Daystar Childcare will receive some constructive criticism. Daystar Childcare Daystar Childcare provides childcare for families mostly on the eastside of Indianapolis. Some of their children actually live right across the parking lot at a women’s center called the Care Center. They also have a kindergarten located on the same floor as the daycare. Some of Daystar’s kindergarten students attend the AM kindergarten and are then just placed straight into the daycare until the afternoon when their parents can come pick them up. Daystar Childcare is located at 57 N. Rural Street on the near-eastside of Indianapolis, just north of the cross at N. Rural Street and E. Washington Street. Their phone number is 317- 261- 0831. The daycare is open Monday thru Friday; its hours are from 6 AM to 6 PM. They are owned by and also share a building with Englewood Christian Church. They are in a relatively poor neighborhood, but are kept safe by the police station across the parking lot. At all times, there are at least two police at the station who are easily accessible in case of an emergency. A good number of the houses of the neighborhood are owned by Englewood, so they acquire a lot of business from their members. Safety In terms of safety, I am looking at the daycare’s ability to keep its children safe from abductors, and anything that may put the children in danger. I also want to know if the facility is a safe environment. In most aspects, Daystar Childcare is a very safe place to send children during the workday. Daystar is run mostly by women who attend Englewood Christian Church regularly; the advantage of this is that they know who should and shouldn’t be going in and out of the building. â€Å"The children are watched carefully by their teachers. Anyone that we do not recognize is asked to show ID. If there any problems, the police are called,† said Laura Dyke, co-director (personal interview, February 13, 2007). Even though these precautions are taken, some parents still have concerns about how safe their children are when the teacher is not looking. One client stated in her survey, â€Å"At times you find kids wondering to the bathroom by themselves, without staff supervision.† I had also wondered what they were to do in case of a fire or a tornado; I quickly learned that in every room there are directions on where to go and what to do in case of these situations. At the end of the day, I would consider the safety at Daystar a definite strength. Out of eleven surveys, all of them said they were either â€Å"comfortable† or â€Å"very comfortable† with the neighborhood Daystar was located in, and all of the surveys said that they were â€Å"very comfortable† with leaving their children with the staff at Daystar Childcare. With near constant supervision and a very safe environment, the likelihood of something happening to one of the children is extremely small. Customer Service When investigating customer service, I was looking for the amount of thought that Daystar puts into their client’s desires. I wanted to know what they do to make their facilities more inviting to young children, and what they do to make their services more appealing to parents. Daystar childcare is a relatively small facility, but they make the most out of the space that they do have. Every room always has more than enough toys for the amount of kids that are present each day. Eight out of eleven surveys said that the daycare had â€Å"plenty† of toys for their children to play with while they are there. Daystar is also very helpful with their hours; if there is an emergency, it can be arranged to have one of the staff take the child home with them. Thorough contact information is collected for such a situation. Their basic schedule covers the typical working day, with a little extra time just in case. When asked, on a scale of one to ten, one being not at all, and ten being extremely, how polite is the daycare staff, all eleven answered with an eight or above, six of them with perfect tens. One thing Daystar does need to work on is acquiring feedback from their existing clients. Even though â€Å"there is know way of knowing if all parents are comp letely satisfied,† (L. Dyke, personal interview, February 13, 2007) monthly surveys would be a great way to keep in touch with what clients think they should be getting in terms of customer service. From my own experience, the daycare staff is filled with some of the nicest people I have ever met in my life. I spend hours out of my day at the daycare deep in entertaining conversation with the diverse personalities that work for Daystar. I definitely consider the customer service at Daystar a selling point for future clients. Value In value, I wanted to know if Daystar provides a good quality service for a price that is affordable by the people that reside in the neighborhood in which it exists. Daystar provides childcare at a cost that is affordable for the working class family. If a family can not afford childcare they accept vouchers from the State of Indiana. It is a program called C.C.D.F. They also have arrangements with Indianapolis Public Schools. Parents that do not receive assistance may qualify for a multiple children discount (L. Dyke, personal interview, February 13, 2007). All of the eleven surveys (with the exception of one no response) said that Daystar Childcare was cost efficient considering the amount of income they take in. They try to stay as affordable as possible by looking at the market rate and trying their best to remain on the low end. Ten out of the eleven surveys said that the quality of the service they receive is worth what they pay. In ten years, Daystar’s profit margin has ranged all over the board, and only twice have they ended the year in the red (L. Dyke, personal interview, February 13, 2007). I believe Daystar Childcare is of great value to the community in which it is located. They do all they can to keep their service at top quality and at top affordability, while still trying to maintain a profit. Conclusion I think that Daystar Childcare is a business that cares a great deal for its clients, as well as its client’s children. They take all the necessary precautions to keep their children safe, and do everything they can to keep them happy as well. Their service is affordable and well worth the money that is paid. They do however have some areas in which they need to improve. Such as, safer access to bathrooms would improve the safety of the children and also create a sense of security in the minds of parents. Also, it would greatly improve the quality of the business’s service if they had surveys that monitor the satisfaction of the client so that they may improve in areas unrecognizable to staff. In the end, Daystar Childcare does a great job in their chosen field. They connect with the children in a way that some parents couldn’t. If or when I become a parent I will definitely utilize Daystar Childcare as my main childcare provider. Research Papers on Evaluation of Daystar ChildcarePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseStandardized TestingUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Reaction paper 2 parts 7 and 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reaction paper 2 parts 7 and 8 - Essay Example Given this second viewpoint, I would say that this hardly contributes to the definition of masculinity, because it informs on what women are based on what men are, but does not establish what being a man is. Recent research into masculinity has underscored this male-female polarity. In the American setting, cultural masculinity studies have dealt nearly exclusively in heterosexual masculinity behaviour and attributes (Traister, 2000, p. 274), which precludes homosexual masculinity as a seeming misnomer since it does not fit into the polar male-female model. Cultural changes are at the center of an evolving meaning given to â€Å"masculinity†, with the socio-economic developments in Europe defining the directions of Western thought in this regard. When Renaissance secular culture spread, interest in sexuality broke free of its strict regulation during the monastic period. When European monarchies embarked on overseas conquests and commerce prospered, the male role became identified with business, finance, and overall economic success. The fact that a man had more, and more expensive, possessions made him more of a man, better able to provide for his wife, their children, and his household members. The patriarchal system was further strengthened by the imperial monarchy where the power of men over women was further institutionalised (Connell, 1995, p. 248), formalising men’s domestic authority over women and enforcing the latter’s dependence upon the former’s economic property, not because the women did nothin g to contribute to it, as they often managed the running of the estate and the network of alliances among the gentry (p. 249), but because they could not legally own property. The Western image of masculinity is an ideal that was fostered upon the colonial East as a means of further strengthening the rule of the colonizers upon the conquered (Krishnaswamy, 2002, p. 292). Primary among these ideals is the image of the white, elegantly proportioned,

Post 23 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Post 23 - Essay Example It helps release the tension that is marked by the embarking of a writing process that one is nervous about. Free writing also helps improve formal writing and should be fun because nothing can be held against you. The utility industry is set to get a reprieve after a new regulation that will allow upgrades without having to install anti-pollution equipment as is required by law right now. I would like to acknowledge the fact that Marianne Horinko signed a new regulation that will affect the fall in installation of costly anti-pollution equipment. According to Pianin, the nations dirtiest coal-fired power plants and refineries numbering in thousands shall be able to do so once the new regulation shall be signed next week by the Acting Environmental Protection Agency Administrator. It is vital to note that previously, the industry players have been lobbying the government to waiver the current Clean Air Act enforcement program as they considered it expensive when carrying out upgrades. This point just shows that the people who have invested in this industry are more interested in making profits than actions and measures that would benefit the community. The said program led to the culmination of several state and federal lawsuits against a number of power plants that saw them comply through the installation of hundreds of millions of dollars of anti-pollution equipment. This means that over the years industrial polluters have been allowed to continue running their unmonitored businesses by state officials and congressional democrats who are meant to keep this habit in check. Tamaki et al talks about SUV vandalism in various parts of the United States of America just as Shpritz does in their respective articles. The main theme can be summarized as SUV Vandalism by the radical Earth Liberation Front (ELF). The two articles refer to the underground environmental group ELF that has claimed responsibility over the attacks through

Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Statement - Essay Example This truly is where my heart resides. The Health Care Administration specialization was interesting, but I could see that it was not taking me where I wanted to go professionally. I looked into the specialization for Human Services and feel that this is a better fit for me professionally and personally. The Health Care Administration program required many hours of group preparation and group work. This was not possible for me because I work full time and have other important family responsibilities. I know that I will need to make sacrifices to further my education, but I felt that what I would need to sacrifice in order to obtain a Masters in Health Care Administration was too much. I especially felt this way once I realized I was moving away from my real interest, which is social work. I do not anticipate any academic concerns that were experienced in the Health Care Administration specialization. I have been assured that there is less group work in the Human Services specialization and that it is more conducive to working a full time job and having family obligations. I will also be a more motivated, thoughtful student because the coursework is more applicable to my current employment and interests. The main reason I am so excited about the Human Services Masters degree is I believe it will make me better at my current position. I already possess the values, knowledge and skills necessary to be a good social worker. I feel that increased education will make me even more effective. The most immediate outcome of earning the degree is I will be better at my job. Other reasons I want to get this degree are it will open the possibility of career advancement. I am pleased with the job I currently have. But I recognize that in the future, I would like to take on more responsibility and manage other employees and more difficult cases. So in some ways, I feel that I want to earn this degree because it will help my current situation

One Day In The Life Of Ivan Denisovich English Literature Essay

One Day In The Life Of Ivan Denisovich English Literature Essay One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is a gripping, insightful description of a reality that may now seem inconceivable to us, so distant from our perception of human rights and individual freedom. It reveals the awful labor and concentration camps that emerged in Europe throughout the first half of the twentieth century. The novel displays a disgraceful period in Russian history and a psychological examination of the vital survival methods in such circumstances. The novel consists of a single day in January 1951 through the eyes of the protagonist, Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, who is in the eighth year of a total of ten-year sentence. The Russian culture raises the novel through the creation of a very insipid setting on which Ivan Denisovichs daily routine is realistically outlined. In this essay I will be explaining how the novel serves as a means to comprehend the Russian culture it was built upon. The characters, themes, and plot are all linked with the Russian cultural background. The central theme is the oppression the characters are confronted with on a daily basis. Consequently, the plot also incorporates oppression such as ill treatment from the superior. The tempo of the plot is monotonous and the Russian culture sets a raw and cold tone. The camp and dreadful labor hours imposed by the soviet government slows down the characters time, causing the plot, which is exclusively Ivans style and routine, to be tedious. The prison camps integrate traits of Russian sternness, controlling military workforce, poor facilities, and deprived living conditions all of which harm Ivan. The Soviet wardens abuse the prisoners for their own advantage and their power-driven ego. Ivans controlling surroundings both harm and agonize him as an individual. Principal examples of cultural influences are the mindsets of the protagonist. Culture has an impact on the relatively enervated behavior of the protagonist by establishing boundaries that cripple their inner desires. Ivans conduct during his sentence in the Siberian work camp reveals the culture from which he was raised. He is modest, cooperative, eager and skillful at all times. He is not violent or dishonest towards others, rather he recognizes his fate hoping to be liberated, surviving day by day. The Russian culture at the time, a state in which the masses were controlled and where life felt repetitive, shapes the foundation of Ivans way of being. The culture has a great impact on the conduct of the protagonist, causing him to fall in line and obey to the oppressors requests.   Russian culture in that era was awfully harsh and it was concerned with restraining and controlling its nation.  A quote expressing the essence of a strong mentality to get through the day; The ones that dont make it are those who lick other mens leftovers, those who count on the doctors to pull  them through, and those who squeal on their buddies.  [2]  An illustration of the harsh conditions the prisoners had to endure is when they were ordered to construct a power station, although it was exceptionally cold and the mortar used for bricklaying would freeze if not applied rapidly. Regulations stated that the men would only be excused if the temperature dropped below -41 °C. The suffering faced by the zeks were things such as the severity of the weather, their inadequate clothing and their food which consisted of black bread, porridge and water-based cabbage soup. They were also persecuted by the guards, who are fixated on enforcing insignificant regulations. However, Solzh enitsyn reminds us that the guards attitude stems primarily from their own bitterness at the firm conditions and at the callous discipline imposed upon them. If any of the prisoners succeeded in escaping, the guards accountable would be enforced to take their places in the camp.   The novel is a literary work in which food in association with culture is a major part of the setting. Observation of a cultures behavior towards food and during mealtimes supplies significant insight into the cultures nature. Eating is a fairly animalistic part of humanity as well as the center for social gathering. Due to its scarcity, food is the utmost motivator for the prisoners. A quote illustrating the importance of food to the prisoners; Apart from sleep, the only time a prisoner lives for himself is ten minutes in the morning at breakfast, five minutes over dinner, and five at supper.  [3]  Ã‚   In prison life there is vast evidence of social influence and customs on the manner the prisoners dine. Social influence can be identified in the manner in which higher-ranking and harder-working prisoners obtain more food. The quantity of food consumed is a good indicator of class within the prisoners. Those of higher status obtain portions with more calories, while the majority gets soup consisting mostly of water. A representation of social customs is when the protagonist is unable to eat with his hat still on. Although he is uncomfortably cold without it on, his Russian upbringing stops him from covering his head while eating. Another example is when the old veteran takes a portion of cloth and uses it as a place-mat while he eats his meals. Their habits were made before they became prisoners, when they still lived in their Soviet state of origin. The novel  is to some extent, Solzhenitsyn relating to his own experiences when as a captain in the Soviet army, he was arrested in 1945 for making offensive remarks about Stalin and spent the next eight years in different camps. The closing time of his captivity took place in a camp for political prisoners in Kazakhstan, which is generally considered to be the setting for the novel. It was one of the first novels of the post-Stalin age to express to an international distribution the knowledge of political imprisonment and oppression under the rà ©gime. Solzhenitsyn never criticizes the Communist system in the novel; if he would have done so, the novel would have certainly been banned. He purely offers a description of what life was like in the camps, but in the long run his prose was to prove as harmful to the system as any intensification of political expression. After reading, one is left in no doubt with the horror of the life in Siberias camps, and also with the authors perso nal judgment of the condition of the land of his birth during that period. It lets you partake in the struggle of men to survive the awful rigors of nature and the cruelty of the system that describes their conditions of life. Classic Russian  literature incorporates certain essential characteristics of the soviet culture. During a period when the  Soviet Union was under the leadership of  Joseph Stalin, it was intricate to write novels that expressed the social climate. The cultural climate in the  Soviet Union  at this time was rough; conveying your opinion was often not only tricky, but risky. Forced  labor camps  came about and innocent citizens were put in jail for political and social crimes that they usually did not commit. Another regular characteristic of classic Russian literature was that authors tended to make the reader experience as if they were within the thoughts of the protagonist. Although the novel  is written in third person, the readers feels as if they are seeing and experiencing the protagonists day through his eyes. In conclusion, our cultural environment influences both our personality and our development as a human being. The novel shows us that even in our most desperate moments, when our environment forces us to strip away our identity and individuality, our social customs and cultural influences still take place. An individual who is brought up in a culture with customs that would be considered extreme by others will have unlike values from a society who was never exposed to such things. In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, their social customs is what allows them to keep stable and sane as an individual in such harsh circumstances influenced by the Russian culture. The novel presents a horrible yet significant period in Russian history where cultural influence plays a significant role in which the characters utilize day by day.

Digital Fortress Chapter 118-122

Chapter 118 â€Å"It's proof,† Fontaine said decidedly. â€Å"Tankado dumped the ring. He wanted it as far from himself as possible-so we'd never find it.† â€Å"But, Director,† Susan argued, â€Å"it doesn't make sense. If Tankado was unaware he'd been murdered, why would he give away the kill code?† â€Å"I agree,† Jabba said. â€Å"The kid's a rebel, but he's a rebel with a conscience. Getting us to admit to TRANSLTR is one thing; revealing our classified databank is another.† Fontaine stared, disbelieving. â€Å"You think Tankado wanted to stop this worm? You think his dying thoughts were for the poor NSA?† â€Å"Tunnel-block corroding!† a technician yelled. â€Å"Full vulnerability in fifteen minutes, maximum!† â€Å"I'll tell you what,† the director declared, taking control. â€Å"In fifteen minutes, every Third World country on the planet will learn how to build an intercontinental ballistic missile. If someone in this room thinks he's got a better candidate for a kill code than this ring, I'm all ears.† The director waited. No one spoke. He returned his gaze to Jabba and locked eyes. â€Å"Tankado dumped that ring for a reason, Jabba. Whether he was trying to bury it, or whether he thought the fat guy would run to a pay phone and call us with the information, I really don't care. But I've made the decision. We're entering that quote. Now.† Jabba took a long breath. He knew Fontaine was right-there was no better option. They were running out of time. Jabba sat. â€Å"Okay†¦ let's do it.† He pulled himself to the keyboard. â€Å"Mr. Becker? The inscription, please. Nice and easy.† David Becker read the inscription, and Jabba typed. When they were done, they double-checked the spelling and omitted all the spaces. On the center panel of the view wall, near the top, were the letters: QUISCUSTODIETIPSOSCUSTODES â€Å"I don't like it,† Susan muttered softly. â€Å"It's not clean.† Jabba hesitated, hovering over the ENTER key. â€Å"Do it,† Fontaine commanded. Jabba hit the key. Seconds later the whole room knew it was a mistake. Chapter 119 â€Å"It's accelerating!† Soshi yelled from the back of the room. â€Å"It's the wrong code!† Everyone stood in silent horror. On the screen before them was the error message: ILLEGAL ENTRY. NUMERIC FIELD ONLY. â€Å"Damn it!† Jabba screamed. â€Å"Numeric only! We're looking for a goddamn number! We're fucked! This ring is shit!† â€Å"Worm's at double speed!† Soshi shouted. â€Å"Penalty round!† On the center screen, right beneath the error message, the VR painted a terrifying image. As the third firewall gave way, the half-dozen or so black lines representing marauding hackers surged forward, advancing relentlessly toward the core. With each passing moment, a new line appeared. Then another. â€Å"They're swarming!† Soshi yelled. â€Å"Confirming overseas tie-ins!† cried another technician. â€Å"Word's out!† Susan averted her gaze from the image of the collapsing firewalls and turned to the side screen. The footage of Ensei Tankado's kill was on endless loop. It was the same every time-Tankado clutching his chest, falling, and with a look of desperate panic, forcing his ring on a group of unsuspecting tourists. It makes no sense, she thought. If he didn't know we'd killed him†¦ Susan drew a total blank. It was too late. We've missed something. On the VR, the number of hackers pounding at the gates had doubled in the last few minutes. From now on, the number would increase exponentially. Hackers, like hyenas, were one big family, always eager to spread the word of a new kill. Leland Fontaine had apparently seen enough. â€Å"Shut it down,† he declared. â€Å"Shut the damn thing down.† Jabba stared straight ahead like the captain of a sinking ship. â€Å"Too late, sir. We're going down.† Chapter 120 The four-hundred-pound Sys-Sec stood motionless, hands resting atop his head in a freeze-frame of disbelief. He'd ordered a power shutdown, but it would be a good twenty minutes too late. Sharks with high-speed modems would be able to download staggering quantities of classified information in that window. Jabba was awakened from his nightmare by Soshi rushing to the podium with a new printout. â€Å"I've found something, sir!† she said excitedly. â€Å"Orphans in the source! Alpha groupings. All over the place!† Jabba was unmoved. â€Å"We're looking for a numeric, dammit! Not an alpha! The kill-code is a number!† â€Å"But we've got orphans! Tankado's too good to leave orphans-especially this many!† The term â€Å"orphans† referred to extra lines of programming that didn't serve the program's objective in any way. They fed nothing, referred to nothing, led nowhere, and were usually removed as part of the final debugging and compiling process. Jabba took the printout and studied it. Fontaine stood silent. Susan peered over Jabba's shoulder at the printout. â€Å"We're being attacked by a rough draft of Tankado's worm?† â€Å"Polished or not,† Jabba retorted, â€Å"it's kicking our ass.† â€Å"I don't buy it,† Susan argued. â€Å"Tankado was a perfectionist. You know that. There's no way he left bugs in his program.† â€Å"There are lots of them!† Soshi cried. She grabbed the printout from Jabba and pushed it in front of Susan. â€Å"Look!† Susan nodded. Sure enough, after every twenty or so lines of programming, there were four free-floating characters. Susan scanned them. PFEE SESN RETM â€Å"Four-bit alpha groupings,† she puzzled. â€Å"They're definitely not part of the programming.† â€Å"Forget it,† Jabba growled. â€Å"You're grabbing at straws.† â€Å"Maybe not,† Susan said. â€Å"A lot of encryption uses four-bit groupings. This could be a code.† â€Å"Yeah.† Jabba groaned. â€Å"It says-‘Ha, ha. You're fucked.' † He looked up at the VR. â€Å"In about nine minutes.† Susan ignored Jabba and locked in on Soshi. â€Å"How many orphans are there?† Soshi shrugged. She commandeered Jabba's terminal and typed all the groupings. When she was done, she pushed back from the terminal. The room looked up at the screen. PFEE SESN RETM MFHA IRWE OOIG MEEN NRMA ENET SHAS DCNS IIAA IEER BRNK FBLE LODI Susan was the only one smiling. â€Å"Sure looks familiar,† she said. â€Å"Blocks of four-just like Enigma.† The director nodded. Enigma was history's most famous code-writing machine-the Nazis' twelve-ton encryption beast. It had encrypted in blocks of four. â€Å"Great.† He moaned. â€Å"You wouldn't happen to have one lying around, would you?† â€Å"That's not the point!† Susan said, suddenly coming to life. This was her specialty. â€Å"The point is that this is a code. Tankado left us a clue! He's taunting us, daring us to figure out the pass-key in time. He's laying hints just out of our reach!† â€Å"Absurd,† Jabba snapped. â€Å"Tankado gave us only one out-revealing TRANSLTR. That was it. That was our escape. We blew it.† â€Å"I have to agree with him,† Fontaine said. â€Å"I doubt there's any way Tankado would risk letting us off the hook by hinting at his kill-code.† Susan nodded vaguely, but she recalled how Tankado had given them NDAKOTA. She stared up at the letters wondering if he were playing another one of his games. â€Å"Tunnel block half gone!† a technician called. On the VR, the mass of black tie-in lines surged deeper into the two remaining shields. David had been sitting quietly, watching the drama unfold on the monitor before them. â€Å"Susan?† he offered. â€Å"I have an idea. Is that text in sixteen groupings of four?† â€Å"Oh, for Christ's sake,† Jabba said under his breath. â€Å"Now everyone wants to play?† Susan ignored Jabba and counted the groupings. â€Å"Yes. Sixteen.† â€Å"Take out the spaces,† Becker said firmly. â€Å"David,† Susan replied, slightly embarrassed. â€Å"I don't think you understand. The groupings of four are-â€Å" â€Å"Take out the spaces,† he repeated. Susan hesitated a moment and then nodded to Soshi. Soshi quickly removed the spaces. The result was no more enlightening. PFEESESNRETMPFHAIRWEOOIGMEENN RMAENETSHASDCNSIIAAIEERBRNKFBLELODI Jabba exploded. â€Å"ENOUGH! Playtime's over! This thing's on double-speed! We've got about eight minutes here! We're looking for a number, not a bunch of half-baked letters!† â€Å"Four by sixteen,† David said calmly. â€Å"Do the math, Susan.† Susan eyed David's image on the screen. Do the math? He's terrible at math! She knew David could memorize verb conjugations and vocabulary like a Xerox machine, but math†¦? â€Å"Multiplication tables,† Becker said. Multiplication tables, Susan wondered. What is he talking about? â€Å"Four by sixteen,† the professor repeated. â€Å"I had to memorize multiplication tables in fourth grade.† Susan pictured the standard grade school multiplication table. Four by sixteen. â€Å"Sixty-four,† she said blankly. â€Å"So what?† David leaned toward the camera. His face filled the frame. â€Å"Sixty-four letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan nodded. â€Å"Yes, but they're-† Susan froze. â€Å"Sixty-four letters,† David repeated. Susan gasped. â€Å"Oh my God! David, you're a genius!† Chapter 121 â€Å"Seven minutes!† a technician called out. â€Å"Eight rows of eight!† Susan shouted, excited. Soshi typed. Fontaine looked on silently. The second to last shield was growing thin. â€Å"Sixty-four letters!† Susan was in control. â€Å"It's a perfect square!† â€Å"Perfect square?† Jabba demanded. â€Å"So what?† Ten seconds later Soshi had rearranged the seemingly random letters on the screen. They were now in eight rows of eight. Jabba studied the letters and threw up his hands in despair. The new layout was no more revealing than the original. P F E E S E S N R E T M P F H A I R W E O O I G M E E N N R M A E N E T S H A S D C N S I I A A I E E R B R N K F B L E L O D I â€Å"Clear as shit.† Jabba groaned. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher,† Fontaine demanded, â€Å"explain yourself.† All eyes turned to Susan. Susan was staring up at the block of text. Gradually she began nodding, then broke into a wide smile. â€Å"David, I'll be damned!† Everyone on the podium exchanged baffled looks. David winked at the tiny image of Susan Fletcher on the screen before him. â€Å"Sixty-four letters. Julius Caesar strikes again.† Midge looked lost. â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"Caesar box.† Susan beamed. â€Å"Read top to bottom. Tankado's sending us a message.† Chapter 122 â€Å"Six minutes!† a technician called out. Susan shouted orders. â€Å"Retype top to bottom! Read down, not across!† Soshi furiously moved down the columns, retyping the text. â€Å"Julius Caesar sent codes this way!† Susan blurted. â€Å"His letter count was always a perfect square!† â€Å"Done!† Soshi yelled. Everyone looked up at the newly arranged, single line of text on the wall-screen. â€Å"Still garbage,† Jabba scoffed in disgust. â€Å"Look at it. It's totally random bits of-† The words lodged in his throat. His eyes widened to saucers. â€Å"Oh†¦ oh my†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fontaine had seen it too. He arched his eyebrows, obviously impressed. Midge and Brinkerhoff both cooed in unison. â€Å"Holy†¦ shit.† The sixty-four letters now read: PRIMEDIFFERENCEBETWEENELEMENTSRESPON SIBLEFORHIROSHIMAANDNAGASAKI â€Å"Put in the spaces,† Susan ordered. â€Å"We've got a puzzle to solve.†

Tilting Trains

Vishveshwaraya Technological University, Belgaum TILTING TRAINS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [pic] GUIDE : VINAY B U PRESENTED BY : ARUN USN : 4SF09ME014 SYNOPSIS With the invention of new technologies in various features of the railway transportation the human beings are more benefited. One of the technology that the railway engineers thinking is about the â€Å"THE TILTING TRAINS†, which provide the passengers and the goods to reach the destination with a minimum time.The technology involved in TILTING TRAIN is that when ever the trains pass over the curves and turnings of the railway tracks the compartments of the train is tilted to a certain angle by which the trains can travel with no reduction in speed. By adopting this technology of TILTING TRAINS the fuel consumed by the trains can be saved ,the passengers can feel comfort and also time can be saved. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Problem with corners 3. What is tilting train? 4. Why tilting helps? 5.How do trains tilt? 6. Problems associated in tilting the track 7. Passenger comfort ness 8. Countries who developed the tilting technology 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of tilting trains 10. Summary 11. Bibliography INTRODUCTION Train is a mass transporter, which transports humans and goods from one place to another place. We have trains, which run by diesel and electricity. Among goods and passenger trains the most concerned one is passenger trains. The passenger train should move quickly with high speeds.The rail road will not be always straight it should pass through curves and turns. We all know that if you are driving in your car and you take a turning at speed you feel centrifugal forces. Well it is no different from trains, if a train takes a turning at speeds centrifugal forces will be experienced. The major problem for any trains is to pass over the curves and turns of the railroads. If the train moves with the same speed at the curves and turns the train may slip from the track, so the speed of the train will be slowdown drastically to avoid slip.This results in wastage of fuel and in turn reduces the speed of the train, which is main consideration for the passenger trains. One of the solution found to avoid this situation is the tilting trains. PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS We all know that if your driving in your car and you take a corner at speed you feel centrifugal forces. Well it is no different from trains; if a train takes a corner at speed then centrifugal forces come in. Often train operating companies face a decision for building a high speed railway transport system†¦ hey can either invest money in the train to make it tilt but use existing railway lines, or they invest money in a new railway but don't need to spend money on expensive tilting mechanisms. This is why TGV, and ICE and bullet trains do not tilt, because they have their own dedicated high speed railway lines where curves are built with very high radii. It is worth pointing out that the ce ntrifugal force is a function of v2/r where v is the velocity and r is the radius. This means if you double the velocity, you quadruple the centrifugal force.Similarly, if you want to triple the velocity but keep the centrifugal force the same, you must increase the radius by a factor of nine! Something not always possible. This is why even apparently gentle curves can be much more of a problem with high speeds than one might thing, because the force rises with the square of velocity. WHAT IS TILTING TRAIN ? Tilting train consists of a tilting mechanism that enables increased speed on regular tracks. In the upper part of the tilting trains that is in which the passengers are seated can be tilted sideways.During the motion of the train if the train has to steer to left in a left turning the coaches of the train will be tilted to the left in order to compensate the centrifugal push to the right and conversely during the right turn. These trains are constructed such that inertial force s which cause the tilting can be controlled by a computer. If the trains travel at speeds more than the specified speeds at the turnings of the railway tracks their will be centrifugal forces acting on the train. Due to these centrifugal forces the train may slip and push out of the tracks.But in case of tilting trains which will not happen, because of the reason that centrifugal forces will be compensated by tilting mechanism. WHY TILTING HELPS? When sitting on a corner going at speed there are two forces acting on you, gravitational force and the centrifugal force which is accelerating you into the corner. In physics when two forces act, then this causes a resultant force. The resultant force will push you into your seat and to the side. However if the train is tilting, then the normal contact force of you on your seat will be the same as the resultant force you are experiencing.This means as far as the passenger is concerned he or she is just being pulled into his or her seat, an d he or she is used to that so no discomfort is felt. This is true also of aero planes, commercial planes tilt a large amount, up to 30 degrees when going around corners in some cases to cater for passenger comfort. As the tilting of the aero plane is to get rid of the problem of centrifugal forces, or more accurately to disguised the centrifugal forces as a part of gravity as far as the passengers are concerned. The only way you know if the aero plane is tilting is to look out of the window.Trains that tilt can go up to 25% to 40% faster around curves than conventional trains without upsetting the passengers, and as mentioned before this can significantly increase average speeds and cut journey times. HOW DO TRAINS TILT? Carriages have tilting mechanisms. Obviously the bogies cannot tilt because they ride on the track and must follow the path of the track. So the coaches have to tilt on the bogies. The way they do this is simple, the bogie acts a fulcrum in the center and it is fre e to tilt either side. Then pistons control how much the coach tilts. The pistons are controlled by a small computer, which uses a spirit level.The spirit level is used to check if things are horizontal remember, i. e. at right angles to the resultant force acting. Normally this force is gravity, but when going round a corner the resultant is a combination of gravity and centrifugal forces. This means the spirit level indicates it is no longer horizontal, so the computer adjusts the pistons until horizontal is read. Again this will not be horizontal to the ground, but as far as anyone on the train is concerned it will be horizontal, keeping the passengers happy. In the early days they tried to use inertial force to let the trains tilt†¦ i. e. hey would have no mechanism to make them tilt but the carriages would have a low center of gravity so centrifugal forces on the carriage would cause them to tilt. This proved unsuccessful. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED IN TILTING THE TRACK Well on h igh speed lines the track in the UK is heavily banked up on corners, although going in a high speed train you don't notice it at all. Occasionally when a high speed train in the UK comes to a stop because of a red signal or something on a curve you can really notice how much its slanted, on a stop on a curve put a bottle on the floor and will slide across to the other side.However there are limitations with tilting tracks, first of all the banking has to be designed with a specific speed in mind. A banked up track meant for 125mph trains is going to cause discomfort to passengers in a local 75mph train, as when a slower train goes round a banked corner it will make passengers feel like they are falling to a side. Of course you could build dedicated high speed lines, but then you would engineer them without tight curves. This limits the extent to which tracks can be banked up. If the rack is banked too much for really fast trains, then if any train comes to a stop on the curve due to a red signal the slant will cause discomfort to passengers. Also arranging for the overhead pantrograph to make proper contact with a wire above a banked curve is a little tricky. Clearly trains themselves need to tilt, then you get the double benefit of tilted track and tilting train, and the train can tilt to exactly suit the speed it is going at. PASSENGER COMFORTNESS One might think it is not safe to push a train round a corner at high speed. Indeed that is true. However the crucial thing is that the speed at which it becomes unsafe, i. . the speed at which there is enough force to push the train off the track is incredibly high. In fact the force needed would be enough so that all passengers on the train couldn't move and would be stuck to the sides of the train. This implies that there is scope for increasing the speed of a train round corners a great deal without it becoming unsafe, however passengers will object. There are two reasons why it is bad for passengers. I have be en on a late running Inter City 125 and it took a corner at some speed although only about 90mph and the corner wasn't tight enough to say see the train at the other end by looking out of the window.The corner wasn't tight enough to notice turning either. However you could feel the forces definitely, and empty cups rolled across tables, bags creaked and I felt pushed against the wall. Any faster and it would be extremely uncomfortable for passengers and they would rather the train slowed down and take a little longer. Also companies don't like to run trains at speed round corners because it upsets passengers, as when exposed to turning forces they may become worried the train is going to fly off the tracks (which incidentally has never happened). This might make people nervous about traveling on high speed trains.The reason no one is ever nervous about traveling at nearly 200mph on a train is because it is smooth and constant. If it was doing corners at these speeds people wouldn't like it. People get freaked out doing 50mph on a roller coaster which involves tight curves, imagine how they feel when serious speed is involved! Its all down to the forces a passenger feels, if a passenger feels a lot of strong forces then he or she is going to be nervous, and may avoid traveling on the train, or just choose a slow train. COUNTRIES WHO DEVELOPED THE TILTING TECHNOLOGY BritainThe UK was interested in developing the advanced passenger train for quite a while France The development of the tilting train in France began in 1956 when eng. Mauzin built and experimented a single car unit that used inertial (non-assisted) tilting. This experiment were suspended because a natural tilting proved too difficult to accomplish. France preferred to built a vast network of high speed lines and the development of TGV started in the early seventies with a two-car modified turbo train. Today GEC-Alsthom has decided to start the development of a tilting TGV that has been delivered few weeks ago for testing and trials.Spain With the ETR-401 Fiat delivered in 1976 a wide-gauge version to Spain that was designated Tren Basculante (RENFE Type 443). However like its Italian sibling it remained a single vehicle. Later Spain developed a tilting version of its own Talgo train (talgo pendular) that so far has proved itself the only successful example of natural tilting and has met with a huge success. USA/Canada The first experiments were carried over in the thirties with non-powered cars (called pendulum), but the first successful tilting train in the USA was the Sikorsky Turbo Train which incorporated an inertial tilting mechanism.Later, in 1973 Amtrak tested an active tilting train called LRC (Light – Rapid – Comfortable) made of ten cars, that unfortunately had no success. Today Amtrak is trying again with the American Flyer built by Bombardier using some TGV-derived technologies. Sweden ABB developed in the early seventies an active tilting mechanism t hat was alternative to the Italian and British ones. This was tested in the X15 vehicle and implemented in the X2000 series train that so far has had a good success. One curious feature of this trains is that the tilting mechanism is applied only to the passengers cars and not to the driving motor units.Switzerland As a part of the IC-2000 project the Swiss railways are developing a tilting train that has the provisional designation ICN-2000 and will be built by SIG. Germany Germany has adopted tilting technology on its 610 and 611 class series EMU and will built the ICT for long-range intercity services ADVANTAGES 1. Fuel consumed by the trains can be minimized. 2. Speed of the trains can be maintained constant and hence time to reach the destination is minimized 3. Their will be Comfort ness for the passengers. DISADVANTAGES 1. Very costly to manufacture these kind of trains. . If the coaches do not tilt then it is dangerous. SUMMARY While the Very high speed trains like the TGV c ould be regarded as the Rolls Royce of trains, tilting trains could be thought of as the cheep and cheerful mini metro. The price differential is fairly similar too, it costs about 20 times more per unit distance to build a dedicated high speed line than it does to upgrade existing lines for tilting trains. This is what makes tilting trains extremely attractive. However there are disadvantages. 140mph or 230km/h is about as fast as trains go when not on dedicated lines.And then they have to be fitted in with slower moving traffic. With rail travel growing all over Europe, the problems of railways reaching saturation point has forced new lines to be build. This is why despite the success of the Italian Pendolini a new high speed line with 300 km/h trains is being built, because existing lines are at saturation. BIBILOGRAPHY Theory of machines KHURMI . R. S Railway Engineering PROFILLDIS . V. A www. goggle search. com TILTING TRAINS [pic] TILTING OF TRAINS WHILE TAKING RIGHT TURN IN T HE TRACKS [pic] TILTING OF TRAINS WHILE TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS

Constitut essays

Declaration of Indep/Constitut essays The Declaration of Independence The framers of our country undertook the daunting task of creating a new country from scratch. Their intent was to create a republic that would be able to withstand the sands of time without losing sight of their democratic ideals. This they have accomplished, for the United States is the oldest large democracy in the world. But how did they succeed? During the era of our countrys birth our founding fathers set up a government that would base itself and its institutions on the idea that humans are not naturally political. In order to ensure order and sovereignty the drafters of a new regime knew that they had to establish a strong and coherent central government. However, this new government would be legitimate only if it was based on the consent of its governed citizens and had the means of checking and balancing itself. The Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution differ in that the first proclaims principles about natural rights and the latter has the primary function of establishing a concrete formula for a government. Both, however, exemplify beliefs that in order for a large republic to last, it must be based on the federalist belief of a separation of power. The Declaration of Independence tells us that, all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, (Declaration). The author of the document, Thomas Jefferson, had the intent of showing that all men had the natural right of freedom. Since the British monarchy viewed colonists as mere tools for economic gains for the mother country and hence gave them almost no say in the passage of laws directly affecting them, they were inherently unequal compared to citizens that still lived in Britain who had representation in Parliament. Thus, it was our right to dis...

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Contrast of Romes Gladiatorial Games Agressive Sports of Today essays The Contrast of Rome's Gladiatorial Games In every society, some form of entertainment is present. From board games to athletic events to theatrical spectacles, people throughout time have sought ways to occupy their leisure time. In all of the ancient societies I have studied, none has enjoyed a form of entertainment as brutal as the gladiatorial games of ancient Rome. Gladiatorial games consisted of men fighting with spears and swords against each other until one of them killed the other. Games would be held all day with the main feature being the contests where trained fighters would fight to their deaths. Trained in gladiatorial schools, slaves and criminals made up most of the gladiators. Sometimes even free men lured by the possibility of rewards would volunteer for these games. Gladiators fought even when they were wounded, with spears sticking into their legs, while still holding up their shields trying to escape death. At other "Games," men would measure their strength against wild animals. The animals were driven into the coliseum through a tall doorway at one end, and the fighters came in from all around the floor. Criminals of all ages and sexes were sent into the arena without weapons to confront animals who would tear them apart, assuring their ultimate death. Sharp swords and daggers would then be brought in. So serious were these fights that the weapons would be presented to the Emperor to test their sharpness. With each and every type of game, the crowds would be merciless, crying for more gladiators and bloodshed. When the day's events would be just about over, barred doors were opened and hundreds of worn out and half naked Jews of all ages would be driven into the center of the arena. The crowds would then scream for more barred doors to be lifted so that starved, man-eating lions and tigers could be released to attack the unarmed prey. After all the events o ...

Effective Leadership Styles Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Accounting Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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The adoption of common language poilcies in companies Essay

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